Socio-Economic Contributions and Historical Status of the Lois Community in Manipur

The Article titled “Socio-Economic Conditions of the Lois of Manipur before the 19th Century” by Mangoljao Maibam, examines the history and socio-economic conditions of the Lois community in Manipur, India. The Lois, historically considered low-caste and marginalized, were crucial to the economic activities of the Manipuri kingdom despite their low social status.

Historical Context and Origin

The term “Loi” historically referred to subdued, tributary communities in Manipur, a definition that dates back to the early centuries A.D. The Lois originally consisted of various ethnic groups, including the Chakpas, who were among the early inhabitants of the region. Over time, their social status was impacted by successive Manipuri kings who subdued them and integrated them into the kingdom’s socio-economic fabric. The Lois were positioned into specific villages, which played significant roles in the kingdom’s economy, particularly through assigned economic activities.

Social Structure and Discrimination

The Lois suffered social discrimination, exacerbated by the introduction of Hinduism in Manipur, which redefined social hierarchies. The paper details how Hinduism, promoted by rulers like Gharib Niwaz in the 18th century, led to further ostracization of non-Hindu Lois. The community was often relegated to specific villages, and engaging in certain professions was a form of social demarcation. Despite this, the Lois retained much of their indigenous culture and practices, distinguishing them from the mainstream Meitei Hindu society.

Economic Contributions

Economically, the Lois were vital to Manipur. They engaged in various occupations crucial for the state’s revenue, such as salt manufacturing, iron smelting, and silk production. The document highlights how specific Loi villages specialized in products necessary for both daily life and the economic health of the kingdom. For instance, villages like Kakching were known for iron smelting, while others like Andro were noted for pottery. These economic activities were not only a source of livelihood for the Lois but also contributed significantly to the state’s economy through tributes and taxes.

Integration and Change Over Time

Over the centuries, the socio-economic role of the Lois evolved but remained characterized by a complex interplay of subjugation and indispensability. Despite their marginalized status, the Lois had opportunities for social mobility, albeit limited, often dictated by the king’s favor. Their ability to ascend socially or economically was contingent upon abandoning traditional practices or converting to Hinduism.

Conclusion and Modern Implications

The paper concludes by reflecting on the Lois’ enduring legacy in Manipur’s socio-economic landscape. While their historical role was marked by subjugation and instrumental use in the kingdom’s economy, the Lois also exemplify resilience and the capacity to maintain cultural identity amidst external pressures.

This summary encapsulates the key points presented in the document, detailing the historical, social, and economic narratives of the Lois community in Manipur, illustrating how their contributions, though underrecognized, were integral to the historical development of the region.

Reference : IJCRT1802856.pdf